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The element types and number of elements used in the components of the spine are listed in Table 4.
Beside alterations in material properties of the passive components of the spine, increased neuromuscular activity may also contribute to a stiffened spine.
The increased risk for VF in AS patients is due to biomechanical changes in the material and structural components of the spine and to osteoimmunology [ 17].
The lack of firm morphological evidence of changes in the structural components of the spine in SD patients is probably the main reason why the opinions on the pathogenesis of this disease differ so much.
Examining changes in both spinal stiffness and flexion-relaxation along the course of the treatment provides an opportunity to understand if the therapeutic effect of SM is associated with its action on active and/or passive components of the spine.
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The structure of the chapter is built upon the procedure of creating the FE model for the human spine, which consists of establishing the FE model for each component of the spine, including mesh generation and material property, verification, validation and, finally, implant design process.
Divisions within a branch are the possibility of occurrence or nonoccurrence of complications resulting from the components of cervical spine management.
The displacements of the intervertebral disc components under various movements of the spine were also measured from MRI images, highlighting significant correlations between the nucleus zone migration and the flexion-extension movements of the spine [ 15- 17].
The displacements of the IVD components under various movements of the spine were also measured from MR images, highlighting significant correlations between the nucleus zone migration and the flexion-extension movements of the spine [ 23- 25], or correlations between nucleus zone migration and intervertebral disc wedging in scoliosis [ 6, 26].
When clinical logic and components of cervical spine management are systematically altered, changes that improve health outcomes are identified.
Finite element models are already making an important contribution to our understanding of the spine and its components.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com