The processing that underwrites a variety of mental phenomena discerning meaningful sentences from those that are not, extracting the possibilities afforded by objects, and detecting intentional behaviors thus requires the orchestrated contribution of many components, neural and non-neural.
In recent years, studies have revealed that there is a landscape of microRNAs that specifically regulate various components of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling axis in orchestrating a series of fundamental cellular processes in normal development; including stem cell expansion [ 78], wound healing [ 79] and smooth muscle and pancreatic beta cell proliferation [ 80, 81].
Understanding how different methods of DR induce lifespan extension is pivotal for the identification of all the components of the gene network that orchestrates maximal longevity extension in response to nutrient deprivation.
Cytokines orchestrate other components of the immune system to appropriately fight the invading virus, while chemokines direct these components to the location of infection.
Expression patterning and gene deletion experiments in D. melanogaster indicate that HNF4 is involved in orchestrating the development of components of the digestive system [ 27, 39].
Moreover, Nrf2 also plays a prominent role in orchestrating glucose metabolism by mediating transcription of components of the pentose phosphate pathway [ 7].
Matrix metalloproteinases are extracellular proteinases associated with cancer invasion and metastasis by virtue of degrading components of the extracellular matrix [ 34], whereas proinflammatory cytokines are indispensable participants in the neoplastic process by orchestrating a tumor-supporting microenvironment [ 42].
Nlrp6, encoding a component of the inflammasome, which orchestrates diverse functions during homeostasis and inflammation including steady-state regulation of the composition and function of the intestinal microbiome (Anand et al., 2012, Elinav et al., 2011, Strowig et al., 2012), is expressed in both the liver and the intestinal epithelium.
The transition to growth on glucose in yeast is orchestrated by a tightly regulated pattern of changes in cAMP levels as a result of series of interactions involving the components of the cAMP/PKA pathway.
Thus, TGFβ signalling orchestrates StC flattening via multiple regulatory inputs of adhesion molecules and of the components of the actin cytoskeleton.
