We report GIS-based methods for systematically allocating monitors across locally-specific pollution source and topography profiles, and address challenges of distinguishing spatial and temporal components of local pollution variation in different pollutants by comparing two temporal adjustment approaches.
Previous research has associated PTB and altered fetal growth with increased exposure to air pollution and developmental toxicity of various components of air pollution have been identified in animal model research [ 5– 8].
Pollution associated to traffic can be considered as one of the most relevant pollution sources in our cities; noise is one of the major components of traffic pollution; thus, efforts are necessary to search adequate noise assessment methods and low pollution city designs.
With respect to the individual components of the pollution mix, the results indicate considerable heterogeneity of air pollution effects in the different geographic locations.
Unfavorable associations between air pollution and myocardial infarction are broadly investigated in recent studies and some of them revealed considerable associations; however, controversies exists between these investigations with regard to culprit components of air pollution and significance of correlation between myocardial infarction risk and air pollution.
This is critical since the responses to air pollutants depend not only on the components of air pollution and concentrations, but also on the genetic background of the exposed populations and on a large list of environmental factors including dietary risk factors, obesity, alcohol intake, and lifelong experiences for example, educational and occupational attainment [ 124].
Ships commonly burn sulfur-rich "bunker oil," but until now, it has been difficult to tease out the contributions to air pollution of this and other transport fuels or to distinguish anthropogenic components of sulfate pollution from the natural sulfate aerosols in the tropospheric background.
D'Amato et al. (2005) list possible rationales for the associations among components of air pollution, allergens, and allergic response, including the effects of the pollutants on the potency of the allergens and the increased susceptibility of the subjects via an inflammatory effect on the airway, increased airway reactivity, or increased bronchial responsiveness.
Previous work from our group and others has suggested that traffic pollution may adversely affect cardiovascular health and many of these studies have observed stronger effects with the components of air pollution associated with traffic particles [ 8, 13].
All types of air pollution tended to decrease in rural areas, but Pm tended to decrease much less compared to the other components of air pollution.
