Additionally, the use of Ag NP-based inks requires post-print sintering of the printed layers to form electrically networks and high conductive layers, and the sintering step can remove the organic component of inks [31, 32].
Table 1 shows the identity of the different components of the ink formulations.
Main components of iron gall inks (IGI) are hydrolysable extracts from plant materials containing mainly gallotannins and ferrous sulfate [15].
Studies on the effects of the different ink components on the ink and print properties have been previously investigated, such as the addition of emulsion polymers for delivering ink properties after ink formulated [6]; among these studies, ink additives are deemed of particular importance.
Correlations for this mass transfer suggest that washing is controlled by diffusion of components within the ink.
They were first commercially produced in the United States in 1929 and used widely in capacitors, transformers, hydraulic fluids, heat transfer fluids, lubricants, plasticizers and as components of surface coatings and ink until the USEPA banned its use in 1979.
In this study, the design of experiment used is a mixture design, where three components of an original water-based ink formulation are used as variables [10].
Compounds with higher molecular weights, such as bis 2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), are largely used as additives and plasticizers, while those with lower molecular weights (diethyl, di- n-bis 2-ethylhexylyl phthalate) are components of inDEHPriaresolargely adhesive, wax, ink, pharmaceusedas products, insecticide madditives and cosmetic (Schettler 2006; Koniecki et al. 2011).
With rFTIR spectrometry calcium oxalate (CaC2O4) was detected in the black ink, which is most likely a metabolic product from the degradation of ink components by mold fungi (microbiological analyses have yet not been performed) [35].
We considered that highly pure carbon black could serve as a reference for CNTs, because it is the primary component of the black ink used in tattoos, and also because black tattoo inks have long been injected into human bodies and are currently used by a tremendous number of people worldwide.
Carbon black is the primary component of black tattoo ink, and tattooing of the human body has a long history dating back before ancient times, and is currently commonly performed.
