Using an institutional perspective we examine the components of accountability; their complex interrelationships; and the importance of design details, implementation, and monitoring.
The provision of information to people trying to hold power-wielders to account, coupled with the ability to demand answers and impose sanctions, appear in the global governance and international relations literature as core components of accountability and as mechanisms for guarding against abuses of power [ 12, 35].
They can have different purposes, ranging from deciding which students go on to which secondary or postsecondary school, to being a core component of accountability systems, designed to find out which schools are doing a better job than others, to acting as a more general indicator of how well a province, a region, or a country is doing over time.
An important component of accountability in clinical research involves assigning responsibility for the conduct of trials to study 'chairs' or principal investigators, who assume the scientific leadership for these studies.
For self- or unregulated professions, few of the components of professional accountability are mandatory or enforceable [ 8].
USA Today's reporting methods on this story themselves reflect the Trump administration's utter disdain for transparency, a crucial component of government accountability.
In this study, the focus is on nonprofit organizations' (NPOs') beneficiary participation mechanisms, a component of downward accountability, and surprisingly seldom studied in the NPO governance literature.
The reports are a crucial component of public accountability, both in terms of informing Americans how taxpayer dollars are being spent and as a backstop against inefficiency, mismanagement, fraud and corruption.
Key components of monitoring and accountability in multisector cash-based response are a functioning grievance and complaints system and a monitoring and evaluation framework that tests the assumptions of cost-efficiency and cost-effectiveness (Levine and Bailey 2015).
St Clair – who was a senior civil servant at the Foreign Office before becoming a historian – added that in the absence of a written constitution, assorted statutes such as the Public Records Acts "are essential components of democracy and public accountability", and that the department was in clear breach of the law.
Implementing the standards setting components of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) is an acknowledgement of the challenges associated with setting standards.
