If it is costly to obtain subjects and inexpensive to add new measurement components (items, raters, or retests, depending on the reliability form that is appropriate), then it is more efficient to add new components rather than new subjects.
With respect to both internal consistency reliability and test retest reliability, the total time needed for testing may be assumed to be proportional to the number of components (items or retests, respectively).
Scores for each of the factors are derived by averaging the component item responses [14].
The items loading on the first component (item 11, 10, 8, 9, 6) had loadings ranging from 0.57 to 0.79, the second component (item 13, 1, 7) from 0.52 to 0.89, and the third component (item 12, 4, 2, 5, 3) from 0.54 to 0.87, respectively.
Moreover, assume that there is an additional cost for each component (item, rater, or retest) per subject.
To determine a score for each dimension of the questionnaire, the component item scores for each patient were summed.
According to Beck and Weissman [ 8], who maintained that the BHS measures 3 dimensions of hopelessness, items 6 and 15 measure an affective component, item 7 a cognitive component, and item 9 a motivational component of hopelessness.
Scale scores are the average of the component item responses, transformed linearly to a range of 0 100 (as described in the User's Guide).
Subscale scores are obtained by summing component item scores (range, 4 20), with higher scores indicating greater use of a specific cognitive strategy.
Domain scores of any resulting factors, or of a total score, were calculated as a sum of the component item scores.
The anxiety component also showed good discrimination: the lowest loading anxiety item (Item 11, loading at.58) was still higher than the highest loading depression item onto the anxiety component (Item 6, loading at.56).
