A retrospective analysis of our design process suggests that the Integrative Learning Design framework is useful for organizing the complementary components of effectiveness and contextual research in our design process.
Educational games have to be well designed to incorporate learner engagement, an integral component of educational effectiveness.
This methodology could prove useful for other between-centers or between-individuals comparisons, either for the assessment of clinical trials or as a component of comparative-effectiveness research.
The costing component of cost-effectiveness analyses typically uses standard, discrete-time discounting in the calculation of the present value of program costs and/or the annual equivalent costs for multi-year programs [ 15].
While clinical efficacy is the prime consideration for the consumer of health services, it is also an essential component of cost-effectiveness that is primarily relevant to the purchaser of health care.
While health status describes a particular state of health, the utility value associated with a health state represents the value placed by the individual - or by society - on that health state, and is used to calculate the quality adjusted life year (QALY), an important component of cost-effectiveness analysis.
However, our review allows few confident conclusions about the critical components for effectiveness of CRT services, due to the paucity of empirical evidence in the literature.
This design does not allow separate evaluation of each intervention component in terms of effectiveness.
In this article, we briefly review the main subjects in the area, including the advantages of dispersal, the different types of dispersal modes, the adaptations of both plants and frugivores, the quantitative and qualitative components of dispersal effectiveness, the importance of dispersal for plant recruitment, as well as the genetic consequences of this process.
In sum, these results suggest that over a quarter of a century protected areas have on average proven effective in the protection of plant production, a vital ecosystem function, in terms of the two key components of ecological effectiveness, their representation of this function and its persistence through time.
