For instance, when using chromatography, the functionality can be associated to a particular multi-component fraction of an also multi-component feedstock.
The total water intensity of corn ethanol consists of two components: feedstock production and fuel production.
Sasol Synfuels, which produce synthesis gas through coal gasification and natural gas reforming, uses its proprietary technology to convert synthesis gas into synthetic fuel components, chemical feedstock and pipeline gas.
All of the components of feedstock can be converted into syngas (usually, H2, CO, CO2, and CH4) with a trace amount of other gases and a few residues (tar and ash) (He and Zhang 2011).
Whereas some of these results can be explained as the sum of individual contributions of each feedstock component, some synergistic effects were also identified.
First-generation biorefineries use corn, soybeans, and sugarcane for bioethanol and biodiesel production, which can benefit from integrated biorefining that extracts high-value nutritional products while using the main feedstock component for biofuel and chemical production and further converting low-value by-products to additional marketable products such as animal feed and energy.
Froth flotation is widely used in the mineral processing industry to concentrate the valuable components of mineral feedstock.
In the feedstock components, cellulose and xylan fractions for acid pretreatment and cellulose fraction for enzymatic hydrolysis were important.
Toxicity of products or feedstock components poses a challenge in the biocatalyst-based production of fuels and chemicals.
In particular, the process design components such as feedstock (solid wastes) recovery, feedstock preparation, composting, stabilization, curing, refining and storing are analysed.
Microbial strains are increasingly used for the industrial production of chemicals and biofuels, but the toxicity of components in the feedstock and product streams limits process outputs.
