Focusing on symmetric cross-ply laminates, an effective minimal dimension reduction is then pursued by expressing both in-plane displacement components and shear angles in terms of transverse displacement and thermal variables via kinematic condensations.
In this representation, the rotational components are related to the jerks of the translational components and the shear wave velocity of propagation (Ghafory-Ashtiany and Singh 1986).
The key parameters influencing the fatigue strength of SRC beams are identified, including the steel ratio of H-steel components, the steel reinforcement ratio of components and stud shear connectors.
This theory is based on the assumption that the in-plane and transverse displacements consist of bending and shear components where the bending components do not contribute to shear forces, and likewise, the shear components do not contribute to bending moments.
The displacement field is chosen based on assumptions that the in-plane and transverse displacements consist of bending and shear components, and the shear components of in-plane displacements give rise to the parabolic variation of shear strain through the thickness in such a way that shear stresses vanish on the plate surfaces.
Thirty-five Z-type specimens were tested and classified into two groups, i.e., the shear transfer group and shear component group, to investigate shear resistance and shear transfer behavior based on a component model.
The present refined nth-order shear deformation theory is based on assumption that the in-plane and transverse displacements consist of bending and shear components, in which the bending components do not contribute toward shear forces and, likewise, the shear components do not contribute toward bending moments.
Examples that demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed stability equations and the importance of shear deformations and shear component of the applied axial force are presented in detail.
The proposed design procedure consists of four main parts, which are (1) estimation of ultimate shear capacity of beam, (2) design of RC component and steel plate, (3) shear stud arrangement in beam span, and (4) design of plate anchorage in wall piers.
It is believed that the minimum inclined crack angle depends on both flexure and shear components, and will occur at an inclination that requires the minimum potential energy.
