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At each complications assessment, we assessed glycaemic control by measuring glycated haemoglobin colorimetrically 27 before February 1994 and subsequently by haemoglobin A1c with high performance liquid chromatography (Diamat Bio-Rad analyser, Bio-Rad, Herculus, CA; non-diabetic range 4-64-6%
All patients were assessed at one center, and there were few changes in the complications assessment methods throughout the study period, with a small number of changes in assessment personnel and the same retinal specialist grading the retinal images.
Micro- and macrovascular complications assessment tests Table 7. Indicators of pharmacological management of diabetes Table 8.
These patients had a full complications assessment, and data were collected following a standardized protocol as described previously (5).
Primary outcomes concerned the measurement of glycosilated haemoglobin and the commissioning of micro- and macrovascular complications assessment tests.
It is possible that there has been a bias toward higher socioeconomic status individuals who attended a complications assessment in recent years, in parallel with improved knowledge.
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Complications assessments are performed as previously outlined (6), usually on an annual basis.
Overall 1,604 patients (54% female) met the inclusion criteria, and results from 2,030 complications assessments were included in the analysis.
The latest concept of complication assessment is utilised for this study [ 19].
All patients underwent a 4-hour diabetes complication assessment using a structured protocol provided by the Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation Program [ 17– 20].
The new feature of centralised radiograph and complication assessment will greatly help to improve data quality and may minimise investigator bias in the assessment of cases and controls.
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