Complicated sample preparation was needed to section and sandwich the sample between two glass slides.
However, these methods also require complicated sample preparation or measurement procedures.
However, this methodology requires trained personnel, operating space, complicated sample preparation procedure, as well as expensive equipment.
Such a method may be implemented for a fraction of the cost of current analyzers, requires no reagents or complicated sample preparation and has the potential to easily be adapted to a compact and portable platform [ 10, 17].
Although this method can directly measure microorganisms without complicated sample preparation due to the use of aptamers, the sensitivity is generally not as high as DNA-amplification-based methods.
The presence of 'matrix' biomolecules such as mucins (e.g, large MW glycoproteins) and surfactants (e.g., phospholipoproteins) in pulmonary fluids complicate sample preparation since they must be removed during initial sample preparation steps.
Fluorimetric, phosphorimetric, and immunosensor methods require complicated sample pre-treatments.
Proteomic methods are largely based on the use of mass spectrometry (MS), a highly specific, effective, and universal technique that does not require complicated multi-step sample preparation.
The arrays are generally considered easier to use with less complicated and less labor-intensive sample preparation than RNA-Seq.
DHB usually results in macrocrystalline sample preparations.
