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For example, the complicated diffusion and adsorption processes on the electrode surface which should be necessarily taken into account in the quantum-chemical modeling of the reduction-oxidation reaction lead to the considerable system size and thus require strong computing power.
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Impedance spectra of the transition metal hexacyanoferrate films, electrochemically deposited under the optimized conditions, have been fitted to the Randles-type equivalent circuit, complicated by diffusion impedance with reflective boundary conditions, connected in series to the charge transfer resistance.
In vivo elimination of bile acids is complicated by diffusion of bile acids from tissue and by ongoing bile acid production.
The comparison between simulation results and experiments showed that the simple LDF model can predict the effect of process variables, but the complicated pore-diffusion model indicated a better adaptation to the experimental results.
Mammalian spermatozoa are known to have a relatively long and thin tail, complicating ATP diffusion from mitochondria along it [ 87].
The problem is further complicated if lateral diffusion is permitted.
Attempts to deliver SDF-1, on the other hand, are complicated by rapid diffusion of the chemokine away from the intended site and by enzymatic degradation.
The incredible biochemical complexity of coagulation additionally complicated by protein diffusion and blood flow makes it extremely difficult to establish a correlation between the roles of individual reactions and the functioning of the clotting system in vivo as a whole.
The use of reagents based on enzymatic reactions (e.g., metabolic probes) is further complicated by reaction-diffusion phenomena in 3D [29], [29].
However, diffusion behavior is so complicated that the nonlinear reaction-diffusion models were considered in several papers [3, 22 25].
In the case of electrode reactions occurring exclusively on the surface of such metal inclusions and the film thickness significantly exceeding clusters' radii, it is shown that the concentration of species participating in such processes (tested particles, further on) satisfies a diffusion equation complicated with an accompanying electrochemical reaction.
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