Results: The percentage changes in index of complexity, outcome and need scores for the 4 groups were need/no treatment (12.7%), no need/no treatment (−17.1%), need/treatment (31%), and no need/treatment (−11.4%).
The Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need (ICON) was used to assess treatment need, complexity, and outcome prior to, and on completion of, orthodontic treatment.
The malocclusion was evaluated pre- and post-orthodontic care using the Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need (ICON; Daniels and Richmond, 2000).
The Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) with its internationally agreed values (Daniels and Richmond, 2000) allows quality assurance assessments to be carried out and compared between different operators.
The index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) [ 28], and the index of complexity, outcome, and need (ICON) [ 29] have been proposed to objectively quantify the severity of the various features of malocclusion.
The Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) was used to measure the effectiveness of treatment and cost per ICON point reduction to compare cost-effectiveness of orthodontic treatment between practitioners in different European countries.
Tumor characteristics affect surgical complexity and outcomes of partial nephrectomy (PN).
In the end, The Myth of the Rational Voter simply seems irrelevant to understanding the complexity and outcomes of voting behavior.
Victor [ 22] suggests that the measures used in quantitative research may lack validity and be insensitive to the complexity of outcomes such as carers' emotional well-being.
