Saying he understood the dangers of construction work and the complexities of regulating the city's thousands of construction sites, he added: "But that's not an excuse".
But on climate change, he said laws like the Clean Air Act were "ill-suited" to the complexities of regulating greenhouse gases.
Because of the complexities of regulating and structuring data sharing across consortia, it is difficult to develop a straightforward data-sharing policy.
Indeed, the mode of action of such regulatory variants is very diverse, reflecting the complexity of mechanisms regulating gene expression and their modulation by environmental factors at the cell, tissue or whole-organism level.
For example, the murine ncNAT Air [ 36], which regulates the maternally expressed igf2 receptor gene (igfr), highlights a multi-gene interaction and provides a clear indication of the complexity of NAT regulated transcription.
In these cases, the complexity of functions regulated by non-Smad pathways is mainly due to the association of TGF-β with other extracellular stimuli.
Likewise, several GEFs, including Sos1, Sos2, Vav2, Tiam1, pRex1 and Asef [34], [39], [40], have been shown to transduce the growth signal from EGF receptor to Rac1, revealing a high degree of intracellular complexity to regulate Rac1 activation in response to trophic factors.
So, while it has been proposed many times that evolution has likely exploited their overlapping specificities and potential complexity to regulate classes of cargoes by regulating the karyopherins, it remains for the field to more comprehensively define Kap-cargo complexes to demonstrate how much this is the case and to fully appreciate how they may have done so.
Other inhibitors include the phosphatase SHP-1 and Protein inhibitors of activated STAT (PIAS), which specifically targets STAT3 [ 20], providing another level of complexity in regulating JAK/STAT signal transduction.
It essentially describes the complexity of biochemical pathways regulating platelet and leukocyte function in health and disease.
