The fundamental complexity of speech––in both the spectral and temporal domains––elicits extensive dynamic activity from a broad neural population.
We took into account the complexity of speech by conceptualizing words as points in a multidimensional space.
On the one hand, such sine wave models lack the acoustic complexity of speech signals, and it is unlikely that listeners will have been exposed to these kinds of materials very often.
That speech material and type of interference can interact with each other was recently demonstrated by Uslar, Carroll, Hanke, Hamann, Ruigendijk et al. (2013), who found that variations in the linguistic complexity of speech material affected intelligibility differently for steady-state than for fluctuating interfering noise.
Cortical activations in the superior/middle temporal gyri and angular/supramarginal gyri may not simply depend on the acoustic complexity of speech sounds, but also reflect processes tuned to the phonology of the native language, suggesting that the activations in these brain regions are stronger for L1 than for L2.
But learning speaker-invariant articulatory models is challenging, as speaker-specific signatures in both the articulatory and acoustic space increase complexity of speech-to-articulatory mapping, which is already an ill-posed problem due to its inherent nonlinearity and non-unique nature.
But Mr. Teich doubts that a machine can render the complexities of human speech the way a court reporter can.
Some internet experts say the situation highlights the complexities of free speech issues on the Internet, as grassroots Web companies evolve and take central control over what their users can make public.
I don't want to delve into a thorny discussion about the complexities of free speech – as a writer I'm explicitly for it – but a marketing campaign that's founded upon misogyny, homophobia and racism is, in practice, pretty awful.
More recently, some philosophers have suggested that contemporary cognitive science and in particular the field of artificial intelligence, which views the human mind as a kind of computer also is based on conceptual confusions created in large part by misunderstandings of the complexities of psychological speech.
The statement doesn't really address the site's own response, however, but does address the complexities, "The Tumblr team is continually having important and tough conversations around the complexities of free speech," a spokesperson added, "and we are dedicated to empowering positive and productive conversations among the communities that thrive on the platform".
