Soil phosphorus (P) utilization may be affected by agricultural complexity, in particular when combining annual crops and livestock grazing on the same land area and at overlapping times.
The well-known least squares method would be very desirable to apply, since it enjoy good numerical properties and low computational complexity, in particular for fast or nonuniform sampling.
We find that the genus trace encodes interesting physical and biological information about a given biomolecule and its three dimensional structural complexity; in particular it gives a way to quantify how much more complicated a biomolecule is than its nested secondary structure alone would indicate.
The results undermine one aspect of the conventional wisdom about evolutionary trends in complexity, in particular, trends in hierarchical complexity, the integration of lower-level units (e.g., cells) to form higher-level wholes (e.g., multicellular individuals).
These data together show that miR-130a expression reduces dendritic complexity, in particular, inhibits the formation of the secondary and tertiary branches.
Although a solution with overlapping clusters would provide higher rates, it would be much more challenging in terms of computational complexity, in particular when the number of BSs J managed by the CU is high.
Since the degree of asynchrony in our empirical, resource-consumer metapopulations is dependent on trophic interactions and assemblage complexity, it certainly follows that reducing community complexity, in particular in small, fragmented habitats, will reduce the efficacy of metapopulation rescue effects.
At the same time, first-level model fit was unambiguously higher for models with higher complexity, in particular for non-linear models.
Synergistic effects of various kinds have overall played a major causal role in the evolutionary process and in the evolution of cooperation and complexity in particular evolutionary systems (Corning 2002; Livnat 2013).
Conversely, on the explanandum side, still others have extended the explanatory scope of the model, by using it to explain sudden increases in cultural complexity, in particular in the late Pleistocene (Powell et al. 2009), or to explain scientific progress in the face of structural cognitive biases (De Cruz and De Smedt 2010).
