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Four different complexing agents, viz.
All complexing agents show optimum deposition rates when the pH of the bath is above 12.0.
The synthesis does not require strong acids or complexing agents such as halide ions.
Major components include an oxidizing agent, complexing agents, inhibitors, and abrasives.
The effects of the various complexing agents on the nature of deposits are discussed.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) has been used to examine the effect of complexing agents on the texture of copper films.
The use of complexing agents yields in rather smooth and compact ruthenium deposits with enhanced long-term stability.
Electrolytes containing trisodium citrate and glycolic acid complexing agents showed possible synergistic effects, which was beneficial to quaternary alloy deposition.
Citrate, glycine and triethanolamine were used as complexing agents, enabling complex formation between the nickel ion and tungstate.
Besides, the complexing agents tested in this work are environmentally benign and do not provoked negative effects in soil.
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Most of the effective chemicals are starch-complexing agents.
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