When mitochondria are damaged (and ΔΨm is dissipated), PINK1 fails to import and accumulates on the OMM where it remains trapped at the TOM complex, recruiting Parkin to the OMM where it exerts its E3 ligase activity (Lazarou et al., 2012).
KLHL3 is the substrate-recognition subunit of the ubiquitin ligase complex, recruiting substrates for ubiquitylation via its associated Kelch domain [ 17– 17].
Mediator is a large, multi-subunit complex consisting of more than 26 proteins that forms the pre-initiation complex, recruiting RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) to ensure proper regulation of gene expression [10].
In contrast to F-box proteins, we found that Sgt1 binding to Skp1 was mutually exclusive with binding of Cul1, which provides the generic arm of the SCF complex, recruiting the ring-finger E3 ubiquitin ligase enzyme Rbx1.
It is now largely accepted that transcription factors act as a part of a large complex, recruiting distinct chromatin remodelling and histone tail modifying factors, i.e. histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and HDACs, to, respectively, activate or repress target gene transcription.
