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By characterizing endophenotypes, or "upstream" phenotypes that do not always result in the "downstream" disorder, progress may be made in both deconstructing the etiologies of complex psychiatric disorders and understanding the genetic and evolutionary basis for variation in non-disordered individuals [ 4].
Biological markers that are grounded in neuroscience may facilitate understanding of the pathophysiology of complex psychiatric disorders.
Other scientists, including Randolph Nesse at the University of Michigan, say that complex psychiatric disorders like depression rarely have simple evolutionary explanations.
Interests include innovation in education and training; assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with complex psychiatric disorders; and working in school settings to optimize the mental health of students.
However, this study is applicable to patients with less complex psychiatric disorders and less severe MOH cases, representative for a significant part of the clinical MOH population in primary and specialized care.
But when researchers try to understand these kinds of complex psychiatric disorders, they often hit a wall.
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Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex psychiatric disorder that runs in families and is associated with high individual and societal burden (Judd et al. 2005; Kozloff et al. 2010).
Depression is an etiologically complex psychiatric disorder with both genetic and environmental factors impacting on disease vulnerability.
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by high phenotypic heterogeneity within patients [ 1- 3].
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder which affects 0.5 1% of the world wide adult population.
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by high phenotypic heterogeneity.
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