After the last serious flooding in 1999, the state and federal governments began work on a complex flood-control project, but it was never completed.
Understanding of complex flood-riverbed interaction processes in large-scale (field) outburst floods remains incomplete, not least due to a lack of well-constrained field data on hydraulics and sediment transport, but also because consensus on an appropriate model framework has yet to be agreed.
Over 31-years, the five biggest floods cumulated 64% of the total sediment flux and were of three classes, the most complex floods being dominant.
The 18% of the most complex floods (single valued plus at least two loops) produced more than 53% of the sediments, mainly supplied by base load (84%).
These features are: computational optimization possibilities for real-time forecast system calibration; data replacement capabilities within retrospective ensemble extreme values analysis; and hard deadline features within uncertainty analysis of an urgent scenario for complex floods.
The adjacent twin ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach have become the world's third largest port complex, flooding the region with imported cargo containers, which are transported by big-rig diesel trucks and by ships and freight trains operating on low-grade fuel.
Much sooner, within the coming decades, the roads leading into the complex will flood so regularly that major adaptions will be required to keep the site viable.
Gradually, as one looks at them, complex information floods in from the peripheries, as if the ranks of buildings had become garrulous in the telling of their stories.
In Pennsylvania, which got up to nine inches of rain over the weekend, six deaths were linked to the storm, including several in a suburban Philadelphia apartment complex where flooding caused a natural gas explosion.
