26Al/10Be ratios indicate that these samples do not have complex exposure histories detected by the 26Al/10Be system.
However, denudation rates derived from a single nuclide may be biased by complex exposure histories (Wittmann et al. 2011).
The combination of stable and radionuclide isotopes documents complex exposure histories with substantial periods of burial combined with minimal erosion.
The inclusion of miRNA profiling in systems toxicology approaches increases the mechanistic understanding of the complex exposure responses.
By measuring terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide concentrations in differentially weathered surfaces on a given tor, we reconstruct the complex exposure and erosion history involving recurring cold-based ice cover.
To uncover complex exposure histories or marked changes in denudation rates over time several nuclides with different half-lives (or stable) must be measured.
The presence of dissolved chemical species occurring concomitantly with nanoparticles results in a complex exposure scenario in which metal ions, metal complexes and particles are subject to different transformation processes, and possibly entail different bioavailability and toxicity mechanisms.
The plots show close agreement between denudation rates based on 10Be and 26Al, within error limits, inside the 'erosion-island' area, supporting that these samples do not record complex exposure histories.
Complex exposure dynamics to pollutants and resulting biological responses found in the field are seldom replicated in laboratory studies (Crane et al. 2007), thus effects of pollution might be under or overestimated.
The advantage of analytical solutions of Fick's law is their low computational cost; however, these models cannot represent accurately chloride ingress under real (complex) exposure conditions, leading to poor prediction.
These results suggest that PBDE-47 and HBCDs in single and complex exposure have the cytotoxic activity of anti-proliferation and induction of apoptosis in tumor cells in vitro.
