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Complex breeding goals also require information on a wide range of relevant traits that can be measured economically.
Deficits in maternal behavior and pup rearing were not examined in the present study as they would require specific, complex breeding strategies outside the scope of the present studies.
Complex breeding goals that include up to 43 functional traits/country are encompassed by total merit indices (TMI) according to a survey carried out by ICAR in 2012 (Stock et al., 2012), and the responses from 23 countries showed that genetic evaluations for calving ease, fertility, longevity, feet and legs and indirect health traits are very common.
Due to their long life expectancy, slow growth, complex breeding system, and habitat specificity, they are vulnerable to over-exploitation, and they are susceptible to mass mortality events due to cold water intrusion and over-fishing.
We suggest purchasing RIL from stock centers to reduce the time consuming crosses necessary for more complex breeding designs.
Assuming this allele exists, it was acquired fortuitously in a complex breeding history from the original transgene, so the process clearly cannot be repeated precisely.
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We created a complex of breeding sites that were intended to buffer populations from environmental stressors and to enhance population persistence.
I will always remember the classic and classy Calumet Farm (but will try to erase the vision of that farm's particular stall where the great Alydar met his tragic end); I will reflect often on the serenity of Shaker Village and my strolls along its sun-dappled lanes; I'll have a finer appreciation of horse racing and the complex business of breeding these wonderful animals.
Both methods were applied to a complex dairy cattle breeding scheme as mentioned above.
The increasing availability of high-throughput genetic markers has prompted the development of new methodologies for identifying and targeting the molecular basis of complex phenotypes in breeding programs.
A combined analysis across cycles should increase accuracy of selection and accelerate response to selection through a major reduction in generation interval compared with traditional methods of breeding complex traits in self-pollinating crops.
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