Prof Stephen Spiro, vice-chairman of the British Lung Foundation, said: "Mucus has a complex biological make-up and forms a vital part of the lungs' defence mechanism against potentially harmful or irritating substances, which are inhaled as small particles.
With respect to pleomorphism, it is intriguing that complex biological cycles representing multiple forms ranging from round and bacilli-shaped bacteria to filamentous fungus- and yeast-like projections have been proposed for each one of these entities [see citations contained in refs. 155 and 156].
They involve metabolites, genes and proteins which are organized into different biochemical reaction networks: metabolic, signal transduction and gene regulation networks, and protein interaction networks which form complex biological systems [1].These biochemical reaction networks control cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival [2].
However, biological studies always need to know driving force or causal relationship among biological elements, which form complex biological systems.
Hierarchical combinations of the network module forms more complex biological functions, and the network module shows simplicity and robustness with a limited number of network topologies [ 2, 6, 7, 35].
It is a very complex biological process, by which teeth are formed from embryonic cells, grow and erupt into the mouth (Boskey and Roy 2008).
Beyond its natural resistance to many drugs, its ability to form biofilm, a complex biological system, renders ineffective the clearance by immune defense systems and antibiotherapy.
Angiogenesis is a complex biological process in which new capillaries form, initiated from vascular sprouts based on pre-existing vascular construction.
Most proteins are known to be involved in complex biological processes or functions in a cell, forming a protein complex with other proteins [ 1].
