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Nevertheless, CaMV P2-TC was completely non-transmissible in plant-to-plant transmission experiments.
The prion concept was developed by Stanley Prusiner in the 1980s to explain the existence of a group of transmissible diseases with a completely new transmission agent [ 57].
The CaMV transmissible complex and the transmission body.
All specimens were devoid of transmissible pathogens.
The mechanisms responsible for neuronal death in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are still not completely understood, and at least two major hypotheses have been formulated, based on the peculiar aspects of prion protein biology.
As agents of transmissible infectivity, NB are said to fulfill either in part or completely the classic Koch's postulates [6] [8], [28], [36] [39].
Instead, prions (short for proteinaceous infectious particles), which Prusiner was first to identify as the single cause of the cluster of fatal degenerative brain diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), turned out to be something that until then was completely unknown indeed, undreamed of in biology.
For more readily transmissible infections (e.g., an emerging pandemic strain of influenza), they would not completely halt transmission but might "buy time" during a narrow window of opportunity during which an effective vaccine could be produced and other preparations made.
The genetic variability of influenza A viruses means that the characteristics of the next pandemic influenza strain are not predictable; it could be a return of H2N2, a variant of the swine-origin A/H1N1/2009 strain or currently circulating H3N2, a more transmissible variant of the avian-origin H5, H9, or H7 subtypes or a completely novel strain.
Thorough donor screening for the presence of transmissible diseases, bacterial testing, and aseptic processing practices can substantially reduce the risk but do not completely eliminate all the possible microbial contaminants from allograft [ 8].
Because it has been impossible thus far to completely eliminate the virus from chicken flocks or from wild birds or to prevent transmission to mammals, there is a persistent danger that H5N1 viruses [which have continually mutated and evolved (2)] will eventually become more easily transmissible to and among humans.
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