The reads mapping near the chorion protein genes completely surround these genes and therefore suggest complete duplications, assuming that Class 1 reads represent tandem duplications.
As shown in Fig. 2A, >90% of Xenopus embryos injected with XWnt8 mRNA developed partial-to-complete axis duplication; consistent with Nkd1's activity as a Wnt antagonist, wild-type human NKD1 mRNA co-injection reduced axis duplication frequency to 42%, with only 3% complete duplications.
A strong similarity is observed in the profiles obtained for Xf strains 56a and 9.12c, characterized by scattered duplication of ORFs from GI2, and by what seems to be complete duplications of GI1 and GI5.
In the present model, each time step n corresponds to a whole genome duplication and leads to a complete duplication of the PPI network, whereby each node is duplicated (×2) and each interaction quadruplated (×4) as depicted on Fig. 2[ 48].
Hence, the high prevalence of complete duplication events within our data set of young human gene duplicates may be explained by human duplicons having lengthier tracts, although the role of purifying selection against shorter duplication tracts yielding partial and chimeric duplicates cannot be ruled out.
As for ABCC6P1 and ABCC6P2, the other two duplicated pseudogenes on chr 16, it remains unclear whether they arose by complete duplication of the parental ABCC6 gene and thus may have temporarily maintained their function or whether only fragments of this gene were duplicated ab ovo.
Usually, such duplications cause illness, if not death (Down's syndrome is the result of the partial or complete duplication of chromosome 21).
Diprosopus (Greek; di-, "two" + prosopon, "face"), or craniofacial duplication, is a rare craniofacial anomaly referring to the complete duplication of facial structures.
The C. chloropyga genes were in the same order and orientation as the mitochondrial genome of other dipteran species, except for the occurrence of a 123 bp region that included a complete duplication of tRNAIle and a partial duplication of tRNAGln genes.
In the literature, no case has been reported so far with type 1 mirror hand variant, in which complete duplication of hand with seven fingers and double ulna occur and one ulna follows the other, instead of facing each other as mirror image.
From the 35 chromosome aberrations, KOBB060876, KOBB060886, KOBB060889 and KOBB060890 showed complete duplication of chromosome 12, and KOBB060886 showed complete duplication of chromosome 5 (Table S1).
