Further, although the experimental design was consistent across surgical groups with regards to time between surgery and behavioral testing, complete counterbalancing of behavioral experiments that involved multiple comparisons was not employed and is therefore a limitation of the study.
The sample size for a complete counterbalanced study is n!, where "n" represents the number of conditions being tested.
As we were unable to reach our target of 264 participants, we could not guarantee complete counterbalancing of order of exposures across sessions for the double-blind tests.
One hundred healthy subjects completed a counterbalanced repeated measure crossover design in which stress (speech task) versus a nonstress control condition (magazine reading) was manipulated.
Following an overnight fast, low caffeine consumers (N = 36; M = 42.5 mg/day caffeine) completed 5 counterbalanced test sessions (normal consumption, 0 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, and 400 mg) separated by at least 3 days.
Participants (N = 87) with a wide range of smoking and drinking patterns completed 4 counterbalanced experimental sessions during which they consumed an alcohol (male: 0.3g/kg; female: 0.27g/kg) or placebo beverage and smoked a nicotine (.6 mg) or placebo cigarette.
The order in which the different types of trial run were completed was counterbalanced across observers (Simultaneous-Sequential-Simultaneous-Sequential, or Sequential-Simultaneous-Sequential-Simultaneous).
The bottom-up and top-down tasks were completed in a counterbalanced order.
The calculated variation of major torques (Rod, Counterbalance and Net Torques) for the complete pumping cycle is presented in Fig. 8.
In all, 19 patients with SC (15 males) completed the double-blind, counterbalanced, randomized within-subject study of the effects of atypical antipsychotics (risperidone, clozapine, olanzapine, or quetiapine) vs placebo administration upon cognitive performance in the domains of executive function, attention, memory, language, visual perception, and general intellect.
