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Participatory research tools complemented formal research methods and increased our confidence in the validity of the data collected.
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The emergence of mobile and ubiquitous technologies as important tools to complement formal learning has been accompanied by a growing interest in their educational benefits and applications.
In addition, we cannot fully compare our estimates with the formal care literature because our larger effect may be also due to the intrinsic nature of this type of childcare, which might not only substitute for but also complement formal childcare.
Complementing formal methods, Abadi and Needham's principles aim to guide the design of security protocols in order to make them simple and, hopefully, correct [M. Abadi and R. Needham. Prudent engineering practice for cryptographic protocols. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 22(1996–15, 1996].
Examination of the potential for free-text comments to complement formal patient-reported outcomes.
Throughout Africa, the private retail sector has been recognised as an important source of antimalarial treatment, complementing formal health services.
However, informal care can also complement formal services, and as such, formal care is required regardless of the informal care received.
This study examined how free-text comments from cancer survivors could complement formal patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), as part of the England PROMs survey programme for cancer.
Informal and abstract user requirement specifications are usually complemented by formal and detailed system requirement specifications.
The conceptual model is defined using UML diagrams that can be extended or complemented with formal methods to make the system verifiable.
In the case of bimodal distributions, graphical assessments can be complemented with formal tests such as the Gapping (Wainer and Schacht 1978) or the Dip (Hartigan and Hartigan 1985) tests.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com