And there is no way to pick up power plants, highways, and manufactories and move them to emerging markets, nor any way to operate them without complementary infrastructure if we did.
Without complementary infrastructure, access to electricity becomes once again a necessary but not sufficient condition for development.
However, if energy projects aim at a higher productive outcome of rural communities, electrification programs need to be coupled with complementary infrastructure, including training and education [45].
If, however, electricity services are provided while taking into complementary infrastructure, it could make the long-term financial sustainability goals of rural electrification more achievable.
In particular, and despite the widespread notion that electricity access can in and of itself ignite entrepreneurship potential (and in turn, increase electricity demand), there is very little research that explores the complementary infrastructure that can ignite that potential.
In combination, these surveys [5, 22, 23, 25] and case studies [6, 26, 27] underscore the powerful synergy that exists between electricity access, human capital, and complementary infrastructure (schools, roads, and financial services, for example).
On the one hand, the damages or destruction of schools and complementary infrastructures and resources (e.g., roads and teachers) can worsen the whole education system.
The key aim is to build parallel and complementary research infrastructure that will support international standardization and inter-operability among researchers in both continents.
This is reflected in the cycle trail administrators' offer to make the existing network denser, design new routes, mark their courses and install a complementary cycle infrastructure.
When this happens, many more Western scientists will go to train in the East, choose to establish their labs in those countries, and start collaborations to tap into complementary Eastern infrastructure and know-how.
They claimed that poverty was significantly reduced in equipped area than in rainfed area, and concluded that investments in agricultural water management and complementary rural infrastructure and related policies were the pathways to break the poverty trap in Sub-Saharan African agriculture.
