The two samples (one with chromosome deletions and the other with the complementary gains) should correspond to the two sperm nuclei (Fig. 2c, d).
"the benefits of implementing both agreements simultaneously amount to roughly 90percentt of the sum of benefits derived from implementing each agreement alone -- in other words, the agreements deliver different, largely complementary gains.
A key role for the Wnt signaling cascade in controlling thymocyte cellularity and differentiation is apparent from studies using Tcf-1/LEF-1 knockout mice, as well as a number of complementary gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies [42], [43], [44], [45], [46].
As a complementary gain-of-function approach, we tested whether Nur77 over-expression could promote NFATc1 protein degradation.
We then used a complementary gain-of-function (GOF) approach based on the ROSA-TET-OFF system to assess the effect of Atf4 overexpression.
The discordant results reported here between the effects of miR-16 overexpression in an orthotopic transplant model in immunocompromised mice and miR-16 deletion in a primary tumor model in immunocompetent mice demonstrate the importance of utilizing complementary gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches and primary tumor model systems for the study of metastasis.
Coevolving gene families having related functions tend to undergo complementary gains and losses (Fryxell 1996).
Proteins involved in a pathway are likely to evolve in a correlated fashion, and coevolving gene families tend to undergo complementary gains and losses.
The complementary data gained from pH-activity profiles, crystal structure analysis, and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy unanimously show that the residues of this pathway are key for the supply and release of protons during catalytic turnover.
In addition, functionally related gene families often demonstrate similar evolutionary pressures, functional specificities, because natural selection tends to retain functionally complementary gene gains and losses on these gene families (Fryxell 1996; Pazos and Valencia 2008).
