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The similar proportion or the slightly surplus of the PLMVd-sRNAs parallels the ratio between the genomic RNAs of both polarities in infected tissue, wherein there is also a slight excess of circular and linear monomeric forms with respect to their complementary counterparts [36], [40], [41].
In tetranucleotide case, there are 16 tetranucleotides that are identical to their reversed complementary counterparts, so the tetranucleotide model has (4 − 16)/2 + 16 = 136 parameters.
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At Fe contents above about 3 at.% we find a novel type of metadislocation in the ξ-structure, which has a complementary counterpart hosted in all ε-type phases possessing phason lines as structural elements.
But on the desktop, the web version of Messenger was designed as a complementary counterpart to Facebook's top-ranking mobile Messenger application.
Palindromicity was analyzed by comparing the 28-nt dif sequence with its inverted complementary counterpart in the 48 selected proteobacterial species (Table 1).
In case of trinucleotide frequencies, none of the trinucleotides are identical to their reversed complementary counterpart, so the model has 4/2 = 32 parameters.
These findings correspond with the hypothesis that in response to DNA damages, as well as during DNA replication, Chk1 kinase phosphorylates both Wee1 kinase and its complementary counterpart the phosphatase CDC25C [ 26].
Intriguingly, a novel miRNA and its complementary counterpart within the precursor stem are derived from the first exon of an imprinted non-coding gene H19, which is expressed from the maternal allele during development [ 55] (additional file 14).
In a simplified perspective, this has been attributed to the fact that increased cell proliferation which is a characteristic finding in cyst-lining cells also requires apoptosis as a complementary counterpart.
Both the actual and the expected frequency are given for both DNA strands combined, so each word's frequency is identical with that of its reversed complementary counterpart (given in parentheses).
We use both DNA strands to perform the word counting, so the number of G bases is always same with number of C, same for A and T, and each DNA word has the same frequency with its reversed complementary counterpart.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com