Sentence examples for complementarity trait from inspiring English sources

Interestingly, simulations have shown that coevolutionary complementarity (trait matching) and subsequent phenotypic convergence can generate strongly nested interaction networks i.e. asymmetric specialization [ 21, 48- 50].

Both the trait-independent complementarity and trait-dependent complementarity terms were not significantly different from zero in the homogeneous treatment.

Several authors have suggested that nested patterns of asymmetrical specialisation may be more likely to develop in mutualistic interactions because natural selection specifically favours the convergence and complementarity of traits in interacting species [3], [8].

Moreover, should comensalistic networks prove to be nested, an evaluation of their robustness against disturbances would provide an independent test of the direct effect of network nestedness (i.e. teasing apart the potential indirect effects of trait complementarity) on its response to disturbances.

We review and analyse studies on morphological trait complementarity (e.g. floral tube length versus insect mouthpart length) at the population and species level.

Collectively, these analyses indicate that while complementarity effects and trait-dependent complementarity may have increased slightly in the heterogeneous environment, the net effect of diversity on biomass was mostly driven by competitive dominance by Selenastrum in both the homo- and heterogeneous nutrient environments.

This knowledge would allow the design of mixtures that combine species with high complementarity of different traits, which in turn will result in optimized resource exploitation through niche complementarity (Hill, 1990; Lüscher and Jacquard, 1991).

For instance, new frugivores would tend to converge (be more similar in morphology) with preexisting frugivore species and share codispersed plants; in turn, selection pressures would increase the phenotypic matching of animal traits (body parts, phenology) and fruit traits, increasing complementarity between interacting partners.

'Trait-dependent complementarity' occurs when a species with high monoculture biomass performs better than expected in mixture, but not at the expense of other species.

Positive values of trait-dependent complementarity might occur if, for example, species with high monoculture biomass are facilitated by species with low monoculture biomass, but not vice-versa.

Because neither complementarity nor defence-counterdefence traits are expected to arise in such interactions, they may provide an evolutionary model against which to evaluate mutualistic and antagonistic network properties.