We use a nonlinear programming based algorithm, involving relaxation of the complementarity terms, to solve the MPEC.
Both the trait-independent complementarity and trait-dependent complementarity terms were not significantly different from zero in the homogeneous treatment.
The results indicate that complementarity in terms of corporate and technological diversification strategies, as well as partner characteristics (e.g., size, age, and technological capabilities) drive exploitation alliances.
The analysis is focused on Colombia and Ecuador, which have been trading electricity for more than 10 years and offer an interesting case study given their complementarity in terms of hydropower supply.
Specifically, we measured the complementarity in terms of the pseudocenter proximity, charge complementarity, surface fit as well as aromatic ring orientations (favoring perpendicular and parallel π stacking).
Third, and in addition to this complementarity in terms of provided-sources and metabolites, some strict within-pathway complementation cases have been inferred by our in silico analysis, which concern two essential amino acids (lysine and phenylalanine).
Additionally, functional and structural robustness increase with the heterogeneity of interaction partners and their complementarity in terms of environmental responses (response diversity; Elmqvist et al. 2003; Hooper et al. 2005).
Ecological theory [7], [48] predicts that biodiversity influences ecosystem functioning through niche differentiation or facilitation, often subsumed under the term "complementarity effect", and through stochastic processes involved in community assembly, usually referred to as "sampling" or "selection" effects.
In this paper I describe an iterative method that overcomes this difficulty and discuss its application to endemic species in Tasmania.' While the term complementarity was not used in that study, it clearly outlines a problem with scoring methods and describes an improved complementarity-based solution.
The complementarity of GO terms (i.e. the tendency of a pair of GO terms to be associated with each of two interacting proteins) may be computed from the GO annotations of protein pairs in the overall protein-protein interaction network [ 15].
