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In general, complement causes damage by three mechanisms [4].
Activation of complement causes recruitment of immune cells; opsonization of coated cells; and direct killing of affected cells through a membrane attack complex (MAC).
When a good insight is gained as to how complement causes diseases, it will help provide a good approach in designing the appropriate treatment that will have a specific target to provide the needed cure.
DM is a microangiopathy affecting the skin and muscle, in which the early activation and deposition of complement causes the lysis of endomysial capillaries and muscle ischemia.
Dysregulation of the alternative pathway (AP) of complement causes a spectrum of kidney diseases ranging from atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) to C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) [ 1– 3].
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In these conditions, the anterior midgut epithelium was injured by the complement, causing cell death.
In cultured cells, AQP4-IgG binds extracellular conformational domains of AQP4 and activates complement, causing cell lysis [ 4].
Defects in adequate inhibition of complement caused by inherited or acquired deficiencies of complement inhibitors could thus be involved in development and exacerbations of SLE nephritis.
In preliminary experiments, this effect could be decreased by more than 50% by heating the sera to 56°C for 30 min, suggesting heat-labile factors (maybe complement) cause the cytotoxicity.
Specifically, the complement system causes the lysis (bursting) of foreign and infected cells, the phagocytosis (ingestion) of foreign particles and cell debris, and the inflammation of surrounding tissue.
Complement activation causes inflammation and cell damage, yet it is an essential component in trying to eliminate cell debris and potentially toxic protein aggregates.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com