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Those involved in the programme retort that Portugal shows only that internal devaluation within a single currency is "brutal stuff"; regaining competitiveness involves pushing down wages and prices.Yet growing doubts about this prescription feed political resistance.
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The major causes of the shift in cost competitiveness involved differing inflation rates in the prices for production inputs, but technological changes and higher Japanese labor productivity also worked against the United States.
For Ganguly, like for Arjuna Ranatunga, competitiveness involved brinksmanship rather than training.
Creative competitions involve varying degrees of competitiveness.
But a complete view of a nation's competitiveness should involve analysis of its ability to compete not just in the present but in the future too.
The subsequent signing of the multiple world champion Sebastian Vettel coincided with a steady increase in Ferrari's competitiveness, and Marchionne involved himself in strategy discussions about F1's future while cannily striking up an informal alliance with Mercedes.
Meanwhile, restoring competitiveness is painful because it involves cutting people's pay.
By simulating sperm competition experiments involving pairs of males extracted from a large population characterized by a given distribution of sperm competitiveness I first show that fertilization success is not a perfect predictor of sperm competitiveness.
First, simulations of sperm competition experiments involving pairs of males extracted from a large population characterized by a given distribution of sperm competitiveness.
The first step involves the identification and the definition of the competitiveness and profitability measures throughout the data provided by the FADN.
This competitiveness has come to involve a crude sort of one-upmanship.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com