However, we found no convincing evidence that per capita competitive effects changed with precipitation, as shown by a lack of significant precipitation × competition interactions.
Lignin model compounds, such as tannic acid, gallic acid, vanillin, cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, syringaldehyde, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, were reported to inhibit and deactivate the cellobiose activity of β-glucosidases and filter paper activities of commercial cellulase cocktails through precipitation and competitive binding.
Although we found little evidence that precipitation can modify competitive interactions, the combined effects of precipitation and competition were sufficient to cause some species to experience negative low density growth rates, implying a trajectory to local extirpation.
As a whole, system behaviour was found to be controlled by a combination of competitive ion exchange, dissolution and precipitation reactions.
The proposed paper-based EC immunosensor combines enzymatic biocatalytic precipitation reaction and competitive immunoassay mode for the first time, and possesses a wide linear range from 0.2 pg mL−1 to 500 ng mL−1 with a detection limit of 0.08 pg mL−1.
This model allows the description of competitive kinetics of heterogenous and homogeneous precipitation.
Herein we design a sensitive impedimetric immunosensor for quantitative detection of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) by combining antibody-conjugated enzymatic biocatalytic precipitation reaction and a competitive format.
Thus, conventional aqueous routes (precipitation, Pechini) can be competitive to more elaborate and costly methods such as those using organic solvents, sol gel, supercritical drying or template/hydrothermal synthesis.
In this work, the model based on a feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN) optimized by imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) to predict of asphaltene precipitation is proposed.
We found little evidence that altered precipitation will influence per capita competitive effects.
