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We added one rainbow trout in six channels (interspecific competition treatment) and one Atlantic salmon in the six other channels (intraspecific competition treatment).
Each clone was randomly assigned to a control or competition treatment.
During the experiment, one subordinate fish died in the intraspecific competition treatment; the number of replicates was then five instead of six for this treatment.
Compared with the full competition treatment, target plant biomass of A. odoratum and F. rubra (poorest light competitors) increased by an average of 47% in the netting treatment when either A. pratensis or H. lanatus (best light competitors) were neighbours.
Males in high competition treatment groups typically had 12%% larger testes, and 20%% higher epididymal sperm numbers and daily sperm production rates, compared to males in the low competition treatment groups.> -wrap-foot> > -wrap-foot> Mean (± s.e.m).m
By contrast, the 24 other ejaculated proteins that we investigated showed no such directional bias (15 were more abundant in the high competition treatment, and 9 in the low competition treatment).
Similar(32)
For the control (full competition) treatments, we calculated the relative competitive effect of each neighbour species on each target species and related these competitive effects to differences in light-depletion levels and to species' sizes [cf. 34], [35].
In addition, competition treatments were established by using different population densities, and hence, no competition (C), low (L) and high (H) competition pressures were simulated.
A chi-squared test was used to test mortality in G. boreale and flowering in M. perforata across different soil, fertilization, and competition treatments.
Oaks were grown for eight years in four different competition treatments: no competing vegetation, with herbaceous vegetation (mainly grasses), with woody vegetation, and with both herbaceous and woody vegetation.
A competition experiment was performed following a full factorial design with different competition treatments, defined as density ratios (i.e. initial bio-volume of 25/75%, 10/90% and 1/99% of S. obliquus/M. aeruginosa, respectively), one 100% S. obliquus treatment and one 100% M. aeruginosa treatment, and four different enrofloxacin concentrations (i.e. control, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.10 mg/L).
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