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Today, every retail chain in Denmark has more of less a food waste reduction strategy - and the fight against food waste has become the retailers' competition parameter.
Although interference between pneumococcal strains is documented [45], there was little data to estimate this competition parameter.
The estimation of this competition parameter, however, was sensitive to the choice of the prior distribution.
The crude estimates of the competition parameter φ ^ were 0.80 and 1.14 based on the Portuguese and Finnish datasets, respectively.
For an individual currently carrying pneumococcus, the rate of acquisition was multiplied by a competition parameter (relative rate) ϕ.
The posterior mean of the competition parameter was 0.68 (90% CI [0.35, 1.10]), indicating reduced ability of new strains to occupy an already colonised nasopharynx.
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Serotype specificities in transmission and competition parameters are subject to ongoing research and debate [ 7, 9, 11, 12].
Parameters p J and γ J are related through the Lotka Volterra competition model, as further explained below (Estimation of competition parameters).
If information on dual colonization were available in the data, the approach could easily be extended to estimate competition parameters as listed by Lipsitch [ 7].
As this was true for all weed competition parameters, we only show results for the greatest value of wsr= 1 as a 'worst-case scenario' in subsequent plots.
Figures 5 and 7 show that small differences in the competition parameters make no difference to which land-use sequence is optimal.
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