Several proposals to explain this activity are the production of bacteriocins, competitive exclusion of the pathogen binding, competition for nutrients, or modulation of the immune system [ 51].
In addition to the inhibiting effects of neuraminidase A and hydrogen peroxide already described, competitive interactions between bacteria may also include the secretion of small peptide inhibitors, competition for nutrients, and competition for receptor binding sites.
This does not necessarily preclude significant variation among individual seeds; in peas, for example, the seeds occupying the central region of the pod are the largest, probably as the result of competition for nutrients between developing ovules on the placenta.
Competition for nutrients between vegetative and reproductive structures cannot be the primary cause of death, for, in species such as hemp, the male plants which do not produce seeds die earlier than the females under short-day (long-night) conditions.
The presence of young developing leaves often accelerates the aging of older leaves; removal of the younger leaves retards the senescence of the older ones, suggesting control by competition for nutrients.
The introduction of weed algae might lead to unwanted competition for nutrients and sunlight.
Reduce competition for nutrients on sites where these resources are limiting.
The competition for nutrients among numerous ovules, may have a negative effect on central cell development.
A barrier effect was observed, that could be explained by specific competition for nutrients.
Biocontrol agents protect plants from infections by phytopathogens (through competition for nutrients, induced systemic resistance, production of antimicrobial secondary metabolites).
Competition for nutrients among neighbouring roots occurs when their individual depletion volumes overlap, causing a reduction in nutrient uptake.
