No difference in post-competition circulating CORT concentration was found between novelty-exposed and home-staying siblings on either day of testing.
In the present study, we examine whether neonatal novelty exposure [39]; [29]; [20], an early life stimulation procedure, affects success in social competition as well as post-competition circulating stress hormone concentration among late senescent rats.
During senescence, rats were individually trained to obtain chocolate rewards and then tested for their ability to obtain the rewards in the presence of a competitor; measures of post-competition circulating CORT concentration were also obtained.
First, we argue that unclear notions of competition circulate as common understandings without clarification due in part to its historic importance in ecology.
Competition with circulating autoantibodies has been successfully described in an animal model of immune cardiomyopathy.
Generalized cross-immunity (in the Ferguson paper) and subadditive antigenic effects (in the Bedford paper) both augment competition between circulating beneficial antigenic mutants, and thus result in the generation of spindly HA phylogenies.
The competition drawings were circulated on display, 25,000 coming to see them in Chicago in just one month.
IT IS time, patient readers, to learn the answers of our widely circulated parody competition, held in honour of the newly published "Oxford Book of Parodies" (reviewed with a straighter face in The Economist).
Thus, the Black Death probably induced strong competition for contemporary circulating pathogens, such as the smallpox and measles viruses, which are likely to have provoked outbreaks before the arrival of the bacterium Yersinia pestis and were only able to reemerge in the 18th century (Barquet and Domingo, 1997; Hopkins, 2002) once the Plague had vanished from Europe.
Next, the ruling is circulated among national competition regulators from the 15 member states of the European Union.
