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There are, though, several competing variants of the dual bipolar process currently employed, with each variant imposing its own set of criteria in terms of cost, process stability, throughput and product performance.
The principle of competitive exclusion is one of the robust ideas of theoretical ecology, stating roughly that biological entities whose existence and reproduction depends on the same common resource of limited supply will compete for that particular resource, and the kind of entity most effective in transforming resource to offspring will eventually displace all competing variants.
Competition assays between E7 mutants showing competing variants (lanes 1 and 2) andout at indicated passage number (lane 3) for each.
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However, Chen 陳雅玲 (2010, 2012) claimed that [l] is always one of the dominant realizations of /dz/ for older speakers, and whether they adopt [z]/[dz] or as an additional main competing variant is location-dependent, leaving the remaining third possibility in a relatively marginal status.
We use high credibility intervals derived from that distribution to decide between the competing variant present/absent hypotheses and distinguish alleles existing in the sample from variants introduced as artifacts by the sequencing technology.
Selfish cultural variants, or memes [43], can lead to maladaptive traits spreading if the rate of imitation exceeds that of competing adaptive variants and overwhelms opposing selection [15], [16].
This potential for change can contribute to both dialect leveling, when the standard dialect representations outweigh the local dialect representations, and dialect divergence, when the local dialect representations are deflected away from competing standard variants.
The agr-mediated bacterial interference [8] could have been a driving force for an evolution towards a very small number of competing allelic variants (I to IV) resulting either in extinction of other agr alleles, or in convergent evolution leading to similar AIP and agr gene sequences.
The antibody reactivity of either a high-titered VAR2CSA plasma pool from Beninese or Senegalese women, or antisera to DBL5ε_CYK39 and DBL5ε_CYK49 generated in mice by DNA vaccination, or plasma pool from unexposed French pregnant women was compared with or without pre-incubation with increasing concentrations of the competing VAR2CSA DBL5ε variant.
The other assay is a competitive growth rate assay that competes each variant with a strain carrying the wild-type V. proteolyticus 5S rRNA.
As different variants are competing, changes in form or functions of tissues between these two species are likely to bring along changes in splicing events, explaining the high turnover of splicing events observed.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com