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Women competing for tenure-track positions in academia (see sidebar) have a particularly troublesome time if their early career coincides with the decision to start a family.
Most unusually, she never competed for tenure at a university, and wrote her books while bringing up her four children.
Dr. Ceci and Dr. Williams urge universities to make it easier for a young scientist to start a family and still compete for tenure, but they don't expect such reforms to eliminate the gender gap in academic science.
"How can we be attractive if I can't tell my applicants now if they can compete for tenure in three years' time?" asked Fabio Pammolli, the founder and former director of IMT Lucca.
Nor can they compete for tenure because it doesn't exist.
These include aspects of the Special Renewable Contracts program, which seeks to eliminate the need for yearly reapplication for a group of about 40 contract faculty members with 15 or more years seniority, and the York Conversion program, which offers the opportunity for contract faculty members with 5 or more years of seniority to compete for tenure-stream positions.
Scientists who have good communication skills have a distinct advantage over their less communicative colleagues when they compete for scarce tenure-track positions or for industry and government jobs that increasingly demand broad-based, practical skills.
And being beaten to publication is a huge loss for a scientist, as publications are the currency of academic science--they are an important factor in competing for government and private grant funds and in obtaining tenure and respect in a discipline.
All Ph.D.'s face the long slog of competing for a junior position, writing grants and conducting enough research to earn tenure.
They're already competing for the roles of the major stars -- and the major stars suddenly recognize just how short their tenure could be.
He's not competing for himself here.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com