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Microhardness measurements were a valuable tool to quantify damage, with the limitation that the magnitude of change in hardness could be adhesive-specific, hypothesized to be related to competing damage mechanisms.
Under tensile load, two competing damage processes (delamination and interleaf yielding/cracking) are predicted, leading to different stress concentrations in the neighbouring CFRP plies for different interleaf geometries and material properties.
Time-variant reliability analysis of RC highway bridges strengthened with carbon fibre reinforced polymer CFRP laminates under four possible competing damage modes (concrete crushing, steel rupture after yielding, CFRP rupture and FRP plate debonding) and three degradation factors is analyzed in terms of reliability index β using FORM.
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Pastoralists and wildlife compete (or damage) each other by passing diseases or killing or injuring each other.
The president also quoted the native-born Bill Gates, a man, he said, who "knows a little something about the high-tech industry," to the effect that excluding those "able and willing to help us compete" will damage the nation's "competitive edge".
SOD out-competes damaging reactions of superoxide, protects the cell from superoxide toxicity, and is widely used in scientific research and clinical practice [ 23, 24].
Apple's retail employees could also persuade customers to pay for its Apple Care warranty program for protecting against damage, competing with Best Buy's warranty program for iPhones.
It's easy to see how such an offer would damage competing lenders, but how would it injure consumers?
Microscopic computerized tomography (micro-CT) scans disclose the competing nature of damage micromechanism e.g. pore coalescence, fiber bridging etc. for an advancing crack.
These helicopter rotor or wind turbine blades are generally made of fiber-reinforced laminated composites and exhibit various competing modes of damage such as matrix micro-cracking, delamination, and fiber breakage.
Subsidies undercut the cost of production in poor countries, making it harder for them to compete and damaging their efforts to establish viable agricultural sectors and move towards self-sufficiency.
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