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Mice were forced to swim for 6 min and the time spent in immobility during the last 5 min of 6 min observation period was recorded manually by the competent observer [ 17].
But recall that an observation sentence is one that would elicit assent from any competent observer.
Mr. F. H. Mosher ("a competent observer").
In the words of a competent observer: "The only failing of this extraordinary woman was her being excessively, one may say, exacting of her children and of the people dependent on her".
With such cases, the goal of the competent observer is to advance beyond debate about contested factual details of the past (the noise of what happened) and, by process of induction, to identify wider issues of principle and precedent upon which to make reasoned improvements (the signal to guide what should happen differently in the future and why).
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Observation sentences are those that are most directly tied to our immediate sensory experience; given the right sensory experience, all competent observers fluent in our language will unhesitatingly assent to the appropriate observation sentence.
For example, while looking at a thermometer, all competent observers could agree that it reads 37.0 C.; and given the right visual, aural, and tactile stimuli while using a sphygmomanometer, all competent medical professionals could agree that the patient's blood pressure is 130/8 0mmHg at the time of the measurement.
The advocate of double-blind trials contends, in effect, that simple statements about the patients' condition are not observation sentences after all, for the sentence might not elicit assent from all competent observers – especially for 'soft' end points such as pain scales.
In a crucial cable - the first of three censored by the Japanese in Shanghai - he wrote on January 16 1938: "[A] survey by one competent foreign observer indicates [that] in [the] Yangtze delta no less than 300,000 Chinese civilians [have been] slaughtered, [in] many cases [in] cold blood".
If Breivik is found to be mentally competent, which observers say is likely, the toughest sentence Norwegian law can mete out is 21 years, though he may still remain incarcerated if he is deemed to be a danger to society.
The investigators concluded, "AACS officer in charge of the observers consider them high type individuals fully qualified both mentally and physically for control tower duty: they are considered competent, reliable observers psychologically stable [sic]." Having established the credibility of the airmen, investigators then looked to the object.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com