However, they have difficulties in updating competency reference banks and then, in correctly matching the available competencies and missions that have to be performed.
Figure 3 An example of competency reference for a resource.
Competency referencing plays a major role in the proposed personalization process.
Secondly, we integrate advisory agents as in the example of sections "Competency referencing of learning scenario components" and "Recommendations based on competency comparison" to recommend adapted activities and resources to individual learners, whatever their subgroup.
In section "Competency referencing of learning scenario components", we present the competency model used for recommendation and adaptation and a simple scenario example which is used to illustrate the main concepts involved in our proposal.
For instance, it is possible for a competency reference to be at the same time identical or very near/near, stronger/weaker and more general/more specific than another one.
We proposed to use a third approach based on competency referencing (Paquette 2007), where a competency can be understood as a skill applied to a knowledge, with a certain level of performance; the knowledge element in this definition being defined in a domain ontology.
The investigated competencies could be divided into four categories: media-independent core reference competencies, reference competencies highlighted in the context of chat reference, reference competencies specific to chat reference, and reference competencies not as important in chat reference.
Outcomes were defined in terms of the application of competencies, but references to career improvement were virtually absent.
Suspiciously high scores on the Criterion-Reference Competency Test, standardised exams that assess competency in maths, English and other skills, prompted first a local newspaper, and then Georgia's former governor Sonny Perdue, to start asking questions.
