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If your income is solely "earned" — salary and other compensation derived from active participation in a business — you have nothing to lose from the new surtax.
That's not because they're intrinsically better than other plans they're not but because they enable companies to carefully control the compensation of executives and the percentage of that compensation derived from option grants.
"It is Billboard's belief that assigning values to the levels of consumer engagement and access — along with the compensation derived from those options — better reflects the varied user activity occurring on these services," Billboard wrote.
The three, Timothy Bambauer, Deems May and Brandon Phillips, were at Stanford just over a year and received incentive compensation derived from proceeds of the bogus C.D.'s, according to court filings.
But Bill Allison, the editorial director at the Sunlight Foundation, a nonpartisan organization that promotes government transparency, said that even assuming the Tierneys believed the company's earnings were legal, the payments could plausibly be viewed as earned income, which the House ethics manual defines as "compensation derived from employment or personal efforts," rather than as gifts.
We first compute the average per capita labor compensation derived from the main occupation (this type of income represents nearly 90% of total labor income) for agents ages 18 or older (potential income earners).
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Even though the patent-infringing canola farmer could not benefit from the privilege enshrined in PVP legislation to save the seed, monetary compensation deriving from the infringement was overturned on the grounds that no financial or other benefit was generated by the technology (Phillips [2007], analysing Monsanto vs. Schmeiser).
The courts have rejected this theory, ruling that "Congress has taxed compensation for services, without any regard for whether that compensation is derived from government-licensed or specially protected activities, … and this has been construed to cover earnings from labor".
Today most of an analysts compensation derives from investment banking revenues — fees earned from initial public offerings, secondary issues, debt offerings, even mergers and acquisitions.
Executives should be required to return all compensation directly derived from proven misconduct.
Mr. Spitzer had been concerned that the objectivity of research analysts at Merrill was compromised because much of their compensation was derived from working on investment banking deals.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com