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Taking into account the possible importance of this position and mutation K279R for virus attenuation, we also selected this position as the part of the evaluated compensating mutation pair (K279 and R437) described in Table 4.
If a change in the interaction partner has resulted in a compensating mutation in one of the duplicates, the transfer of that change to the second duplicate by GC would then be beneficial because it allows the complex to be maintained no matter the duplicate copy used.
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This protein could play a role in maintaining FV pH balance and in compensating mutations in PfCRT.
The mechanism most often invoked is the occurrence of compensating mutations, either locally or distantly.
To learn more about how this mutation interferes with the defenses of the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Grabowicz et al. searched for compensating mutations that can counteract it and restore the antibiotic resistance of these mutant bacteria.
With regard to the effect of compensating mutations on tree topology, we find, in agreement with, Kelly and Stumpf [ 33], that any effect is so weak as to be undetectable.
We tested a simple model of the relationship between genome interactions and evolution: a defect within a network of interacting genes should favor compensating mutations in other genes of the network.
These results are clearly more indicative of the effect of compensating mutations at the opposite side of a stem region and are supported by the largest increase in model fit.
Such efforts to compensate mutations include ablation of oncogenic products, restoration of receptor expression (eg estrogen receptor expression), alteration of genes involved in the induction of apoptosis, or activation of tumor suppressor genes [ 35, 36].
Analyses of the C to U conversions and the genomic context in which the editing sites are embedded provide evidence in favor of the hypothesis that chloroplast RNA editing evolved to compensate mutations in the first land plants.
A recent study [ 21], focusing on the structural and physico-chemical properties of compensated mutations, revealed that the probability of a residue being compensated depends upon its location in the protein structure and on the degree of similarity between the changed and the newly arisen residues.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com