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Similar to the better known Stroop and flanker tasks, the Simon paradigm is a conflict-inducing task that requires speeded responses to targets that randomly appear in locations that correspond (compatible trial) or do not correspond (incompatible trial) to the location of the correct response key.
To visualize the hypothesized association between mood and conflict adaptation, we calculated standard individual conflict-adaptation scores by subtracting the interference effect following a correct conflict (incompatible) trial from the interference effect following a correct nonconflict (compatible) trial (cf. Fig. 1a).
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Reproducing earlier findings (Nuerk, Weger, & Willmes, 2004; Nuerk et al., 2001), we found a significant main effect of compatibility (incompatible versus compatible trials) for both RTs (paired t(42) =17.26, p < .001) and accuracy (paired t(42) = 8.14, p < .001).001
As expected, we replicated the classical positive compatibility effect (PCE), namely shorter reaction times in compatible trials (mean RT: 369±38 ms) than in incompatible trials (mean RT: 383±30 ms) in comparison to neutral trials (mean RT: 375±38 ms) (main effect: F 2,46) = 7.72; p<0.01).
We computed the compatibility effect for each individual participant by subtracting the mean score of all compatible trials from that of all incompatible trials.
Psychomotor speed and attention was assessed by the compatible trials of the Stroop interference test where participants have to react to four colours as fast as possible with a press on the according coloured button (Puhr and Wagner 2011).
Twenty-three right-handed adults were administered a conflict-adaptation paradigm in which the frequency of compatible trials, and therefore, demands on rapid adjustments and stable task-set maintenance, varied parametrically across conditions.
A SNARC effect was considered evident when responses on compatible trials were faster on average than responses on incompatible trials.
A SMARC effect was considered evident when responses on compatible trials were faster on average than responses on incompatible trials.
Compatible trials occurred when the correct response to a low number was the left button and the correct response to a high number was the right button.
Compatible trials occurred when the correct response to a low pitch was the 'lower' button and the correct response to a high pitch was the 'upper' button.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com