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The technologies described in this chapter have been used to identify the mechanisms of internalization and intracellular compartments from which AB-toxins gain entry to the cytosol.
The somewhat increased plasma concentrations of flumazenil during the second scan was probably a consequence of increased flumazenil distribution to tissues, e.g., the brain, otherwise protected by P-gp, which acted as "depot" compartments from which flumazenil at later time points was redistributed into the plasma.
In basal state, GLUT4 is present in intracellular locations, referred to as the sequestration compartments, from which it undergoes insulin dependent movement to the plasma membrane [1].
Such compartments from which GPI-APs can be directly targeted to recycling endosomes have been described by Sabharanjak et al. and are named GPI-APs-enriched early endosomal compartments, GEECs [45].
However, such bulk tissue studies capture all of these fluorescent emissions in together, with no knowledge of the cellular compartments from which they originate, making measured spectra difficult to separate and interpret [5], [6].
Thus, the mechanisms controlling trafficking of TLR7 and TLR9 to the compartments from which they signal are distinct.
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Thus, a newly budded enveloped virus finds itself either in the extracellular milieu or in a lumenal compartment from which it can exit the cell by conventional secretion.
We have tested four different compartmental models: (a) irreversible uptake of tracer in a single non-vascular compartment, (b) reversible tissue uptake, (c) reversible uptake of tracer in the first non-vascular compartment from which tracer was irreversibly taken up in a second non-vascular compartment and (d) reversible uptake of tracer in the first and second non-vascular compartments.
The same is true for mutants in class E genes that accumulate an abnormal compartment, the class E compartment, from which Fur4 recycles to plasma membrane.
Regeneration originates from putative stem cells residing in the ductal compartment from which complete recovery is induced within a week after ductal obstruction [5] [7].
Myeloid DCs (mDCs), are effective T cell stimulators, inducing a variety of effector T cell responses (e.g. Th1, Th2 or Th17) dependent upon the types of stimuli they receive, and the compartment from which they are isolated [26] [28].
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