Growing evidence suggests that gene activity is modulated by interactions with these subnuclear compartments and that such interactions can be cell-type specific.
Monensin inhibits endosomal acidification, enzymatic degradation in the lysosomal compartments and as such might disturb endocytosis [27], [34].
Procyanidins stabilize lipid membranes, which decreases the movement of ROS into the hydrophobic intracellular compartment and as such attenuates damage [ 51].
Future studies should aim to resolve the functional aspect of the N-domain of HtrA1 but also how this secreted protein ends up in the intracellular compartment and whether such an event is linked to autolysis in any way.
Most of the statistically significant enriched compartment pairs are those paired with same compartment or adjacent compartments such as ER and Golgi (Figure 5).
The genes encoding TLRs located on the membrane of intracellular compartments, and cytoplasmic PRRs such as NLRs and RLHs, also possessed nonsynonymous polymorphisms.
The unigenes were first classified according their function in 16 different cellular compartments and anatomical structures such as endoplasmic reticulum, plastid, mitochondria, nucleus, cell wall, golgi apparatus etc. which may have unique genes or specific expression profiles.
The most enriched cellular compartment was the 'chloroplast' , and multiple compartments such as 'stroma' and 'envelope' , but not 'thylakoid' , were overrepresented.
There is much interest in the design and function of such compartments and whether they can be used to enhance carbon fixation in other organisms such as plants or to improve reaction rates in other metabolic systems (Ducat & Silver, 2012; Agapakis et al., 2012; Papapostolou & Howorka, 2009; Frank et al., 2013).
The deposition of cholesterol in vascular and extravascular compartments, such as tendons and skin, results in xanthomas (Fig. 1) and the deposition of lipid in the cornea of the eyes causes corneal arcus and an increase in intraocular pressure [ 1].
