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In recent years, the advent of high-throughput omics technology has made possible a new class of strain engineering approaches, based on identification of possible gene targets for phenotype improvement from omic-level comparison of different strains or growth conditions.
To study polypore species with known bioactivities allows for an easy and straightforward comparison of different strains from one species, e.g. for their antimicrobial properties or their metabolic fingerprint.
Direct comparison of different strains therefore becomes challenging, especially because many old tools did not call reference positions.
Furthermore, comparison of different strains of the same species tends to show that there is a fairly invariable backbone in the genome, with specific places where foreign genes can be introduced more or less at will (Burrus & Waldor, 2004).
On the other hand, a recent comparison of different strains of microalgae revealed that although cyanobacteria possessed the highest biomass productivity, it showed a low lipid content reflecting the high metabolic cost of lipid synthesis (Francisco et al. 2010).
2DDE is a powerful addition to the methodologies available for the identification of genomic changes in prokaryotic organisms and will greatly facilitate the comparison of different strains of clinical or environmental isolates.
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Based on whole genome comparisons of different strains of Francisella, the following genetic traits are obvious.
The herein presented results suggest that the comparison of the transcriptional profiles of different strains can be used to identify virulence genes or link specific genes with virulence.
In recent years genomic tools like DNA microarrays have been used for comparison of the genetic composition of different strains within a species.
Comparison of the straw induced transcriptomic profiles of different strains, transcription of 1386 genes were significantly changed by the induction of rice straw in strain Z5 when compared to sucrose, however, in A. niger and T. reesei, only 514 and 529 genes' transcription were changed (defined by the same standard), respectively, by the induction of wheat straw [ 22, 46].
Although the comparison of the genomes of different C. albicans strains have produced highly valuable data, the comparative genetics of different strains of emerging Candida species like C. parapsilosis has so far never been performed.
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